Recover the tampered image based on VQ indexing

In this paper, a tampered image recovery scheme is proposed by creating an index table of the original image via vector quantization (VQ) and embedding it into the original image as a basis for recovery. In order to complete the goal of image authentication and recovery, Wong's watermarking scheme [P.W. Wong, N. Memon, Secret an public key image watermarking schemes for image authentication and ownership verification, IEEE Trans. Image Process 10 (10) (2001) 1593–1601] is employed to perform tamper detection. Wong's watermarking scheme can be used to accurately locate tampered regions. If an image has been tampered, the index table can be used to recover the tampered regions. The experimental results indicate that our scheme has the higher probability of image recovery. Besides, compared with Lee and Lin's [Dual watermark for image tamper detection and recovery, Pattern Recognition 41 (2008) 3497–3506] scheme, our scheme provides not only a better quality of recovered images but also better results at edge regions.