Robust MOE detector for MC-CDMA downlink systems under carrier frequency offset

In this paper, a performance analysis of carrier frequency offset (CFO) on the minimum output energy (MOE)-based detectors in multi-carrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) downlink systems is first presented. Furthermore, a blind decision-directed (DD) MOE detector for enhancing robustness against CFO and the finite sample effect is proposed. Numerical study confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method and the performance improvement over conventional detectors.