Original Research ArticleTime-delayed SIS epidemic model with population awareness

- A mathematical model for the spread of epidemic and local/global awareness is considered.
- Effects of time delay in response to available information are investigated.
- Stability of all steady states is analysed depending on parameters.
- Time delay can destabilise the endemic equilibrium through a Hopf bifurcation.

This paper analyses the dynamics of infectious disease with a concurrent spread of disease awareness. The model includes local awareness due to contacts with aware individuals, as well as global awareness due to reported cases of infection and awareness campaigns. We investigate the effects of time delay in response of unaware individuals to available information on the epidemic dynamics by establishing conditions for the Hopf bifurcation of the endemic steady state of the model. Analytical results are supported by numerical bifurcation analysis and simulations.