Developing information systems to support situational awareness and interaction in time-pressuring crisis situations

• We have studied how SA should be supported in organizations responding to time-pressure crisis situations.
• We have observed teams during four emergency response cases.
• We show a model which illustrates the importance of narratives in SA creation.
• We show how SA is created and shared in so-called social context model.

Crises (such as a plane accident) require fast and effective responses. In order to respond effectively, actors need to be aware of the situation. Actors who are experts in different fields also need to interact and cooperate with one another. The focus of this study is on theoretical study and model development in which cases are used as material. As a result of the research, we have identified common features in four emergency response cases. We present a model that explains how the actors comprehend the situation and how they interact during the operations. We offer ideas for developing the information systems – often called situation pictures or common operational pictures – that are used in the emergency situations as a means of supporting situational awareness, interaction and decision-making. The results highlight especially the importance of a narrative in situational awareness creation and sharing processes. The results enable actors to develop the processes and the tools to better support emergency response operations.