Sorption on eggshell waste—A review on ultrastructure, biomineralization and other applications

• Ultrastructures of eggshell particle and membrane, pore structure, volume and their applications are discussed.
• Biomineralization, effect on formation of inorganic–organic composites, application in designing of advanced composites are discussed.
• Adsorption of organic dyes and heavy inorganic ions on eggshell waste materials has been reviewed.
• Various potential applications of this low-cost and biodegradable material have been discussed.

The structure, adsorption behavior and applications of eggshell waste materials have been reviewed. The ultrastructure of eggshell particles has been discussed to understand the pore structure as well as the surface geometry of the materials leading to its multifarious applicability. Besides, the ultrastructure studies give full information regarding the chemical constituents of egghell particles as well as eggshell membranes. The process of biomineralization in living organisms, their consequent effect of controlling the formation of inorganic–organic composites propelling their application in biomimetic designing of advanced composites with optimized novel properties leading to advances in materials design have been discussed. Utilization of eggshell waste materials for the removal of organic dyes and heavy inorganic ions has been reviewed with suitable models for understanding their adsorption quality and capacity. The applications of these materials in various fields of research have been extensively discussed.

Adsorption of dye on Gly-ESP surfaceFigure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slide