Improvement of the hydrophilicity of electrospun porous carbon nanofibers by grafting phenylsulfonic acid groups

Electrospun porous carbon nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning and steam activation were functionalized by spontaneous grafting of phenylsulfonic acid (PSA) groups. SEM and Raman observation suggested that modified electrospun nanofibers did not exhibit distinct changes of surface morphology and intrinsic graphitic structure. Nitrogen adsorption showed decrease in surface area and pore volume of modified carbon nanofibers. XPS and elementary analysis were conducted to characterize the surface chemistry of carbon nanofibers. The hydrophilic character was measured by the contact angles and static adsorption isotherms of water. The adsorption isotherms of benzene and butanone showed that the increasing hydrophilicity led to enhancement of adsorption performance for butanone on carbon nanofibers, indicating that the adsorption selectivity to hydrophilic organic compounds was improved.

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► The porous carbon nanofibers were modified by the phenylsulfonic acid groups.
► The morphology and graphitic structure of modified nanofibers remained constant.
► The hydrophilicity of nanofibers increased with the content of sulfur increasing.
► The hydrophilic modification improved the adsorption tendency for butanone.