Influence of partial slip and direction of traction on wear rate in wheel-rail contact

▶ Use of twin-disc tests to develop and calibrate a plastic ratcheting model for R260 rail steel. ▶ Development of three-dimensional aspects of wheel-rail contact ratcheting simulation. ▶ A new quasi-static approximation for partial slip in elliptical Hertz contact. ▶ A wear rate equation for R260, linear with pressure and cubic with traction coefficient.