Electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements as a proxy of earthworm presence in Southern French vineyards

► EMI is a non-invasive geophysical technique for study of soil characteristics. ► We propose EMI to spatialize and predict soil biological parameters as earthworms. ► We find strong relationships between EMI signal and earthworm presence in vineyards. ► Laborious earthworm samplings can be avoided improving the estimate reliability.