Life history constraints contribute to the vulnerability of a declining North American rattlesnake

► We examined life history parameters that are potential contributors to eastern diamondback rattlesnake (EDB) decline. ► EDBs exhibited delayed maturation, high survival, > 20 longevity, and low dispersal probability. ► There was an onto genetic shift in dispersal, with mature snakes exhibiting lower dispersal than juveniles. ► Our observations suggest adult EDBs are unlikely to redistribute at the landscape scale in response to habitat degradation. ► EDBs will benefit from management practices that maintain pine savannas as stable, functionally dynamic landscapes.