Methods for allocation of habitat management, maintenance, restoration and offsetting, when conservation actions have uncertain consequences

► We develop methods for conservation resource allocation, to help with decision making. ► Responses of actions are specific to biodiversity features in different environments. ► Uncertainty in responses to actions and the time perspective (discounting) are considered. ► Negative and positive consequences of uncertainty (robustness and opportunity analysis). ► Possible for the first time to find optimal solutions to diverse multi-action allocation problems.