Cost-benefit analysis of different container capacities and fertilization regimes in Pinus stock-type production for forest restoration in dry Mediterranean areas

► We determined costs and performance for stock-types of two Mediterranean pine species. ► Stock-types in medium containers (300 cm−3) had the best cost-benefit relationship. ► Late-season fertilization enhanced field performance at relatively low cost. ► The optimal stock-type resulted from propagation in 300 cm3 along with late-season fertilization.