Haplodiploidy and the reproductive ecology of Arthropods

- Haplodiploidy affects the evolution of male exaggerated traits through sexual selection.
- Intra-locus sexual conflict is more likely to be resolved in favour of females, while inter-locus conflict leads to stronger selection on females to evolve resistance.
- Haplodiploidy allows for precise sex ratio control but also increases sex ratio conflicts among family members.
- Haplodiploids are more resistant to inbreeding, affecting mating system evolution and their ability as colonizer.
- Haplodiploidy may promote paternal care under inbreeding.