The interactive effects of ammonia exposure, nutritional status and exercise on metabolic and physiological responses in gold fish (Carassius auratus L.)

► Effect of ammonia, feed deprivation and exercise in goldfish was investigated. ► Physio-biochemical activities considerably altered in NH3 exposed starved fish. ► NH3 induced changes further exacerbated when starved fish swum at high speed. ► Exhaustive swum fish were more susceptible to high ammonia than routine swum fish. ► Fed fish less affected than fasted fish by NH3 as well as by higher swimming speeds.