Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxin-binding glycoconjugates present on the brush border membrane and in the peritrophic membrane of the Douglas-fir tussock moth are peritrophins

► Cry1A toxin-binding molecules are abundant on the peritrophic membrane (PM). ► Douglas-fir tussock moth PM and BBMV share similar toxin-binding glycoconjugates. ► The toxin-binding glycoconjugates are peritrophins with O-glycan structures. ► The glycans are necessary for their interaction with the Cry1A class of toxins.