Applying building information modeling to integrate schedule and cost for establishing construction progress curves

- BIM objects are used to integrate schedule and cost for establishing an S-curve.
- The model defines search criteria to identify objects for extracting quantities.
- The model distributes the quantities associated with cost items among activities.
- Using family type catalog functions support the inclusion of cost items in objects.
- Uploading cost data to estimation software in advance is critical for automation.

A cost-based progress curve (called S-curve) is often used to control construction project schedules. To establish a progress curve, the costs that are associated with each scheduling activity must be determined. However, the distributions of the quantities (costs) of cost items among various activities are time-consuming to obtain and error-prone, yielding an unreliable S-curve. This work proposes the use of three-dimensional building information model (BIM) objects to integrate schedule and cost by using the powerful BIM for data acquisition and storage. BIM objects are incorporated into a proposed four-step model to establish construction progress curves. The proposed model defines search criteria (cost item, object, floor, and zone) that precisely identify takeoff objects for extracting the quantities of cost items associated with each activity. The BIM uses keynote, assembly code, and family type catalog functions to provide pop-up menus for the efficient identification of cost items that are associated with each object to preventing errors in the manual typing of cost-item names. Finally, this work demonstrates that uploading the cost items and unit prices into cost estimation software in advance is critical to automating cost estimations in BIM.