Application of TALEs, CRISPR/Cas and sRNAs as trans-acting regulators in prokaryotes

- trans-acting repressors enable synthetic regulation of target genes.
- The DNA binding domain of a TALE can be targeted to promoters to inhibit transcription.
- Non-cleaving Cas9 can be guided to target DNA by small RNAs to repress transcription.
- Synthetic sRNAs can inhibit translation and decrease message stability by binding mRNAs.