Five reasons to use bacteria when assessing manufactured nanomaterial environmental hazards and fates

- Manufactured nanomaterial (MNM) environmental hazards and fates should be known.
- Bacteria are exposed to MNMs through wastewater, water, soils, and sediments.
- Bacterial communities and ecosystem processes are susceptible to MNM toxicity.
- Bacteria affect MNM fates, including transfer to higher trophic levels.
- Including bacteria in MNM safety screening requires refining protocols.