Numerical simulation of liquid film formation and evaporation in dip coating

Numerical simulation is performed for liquid film formation and evaporation on a moving vertical plate, which occurs in dip coating. The liquid–gas interface is tracked by a sharp-interface level-set (LS) method, which is modified to include the effect of phase change at the interface. Numerical techniques for the liquid–gas–solid contact line on a moving plate and the conservation of particle concentration are incorporated into the LS method. The flow and thermal characteristics associated with the dip coating are investigated by solving the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, vapor mass fraction, and particle concentration. The effects of plate velocity and temperature on the dip coating process are investigated.