PVD fabrication of lead film electrodes and their catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric performance in the presence of oxidants

For the first time, lead film electrodes resistant to the action of oxidants commonly used to enhance the catalytic electrochemical response were deposited physically from a gaseous phase on thick film gold substrates and applied in catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CAdSV). The newly developed multilayer electrodes comprising a glass slide, an adhesive layer of titanium, a gold layer and finally, the working layer of lead were characterized by excellent CAdSV performance. Their sensitivity and reproducibility improved further after thermal pretreatment. The proposed sensor was sensitive (LOD = 0.002 μg L−1; tacc = 30 s) and the cobalt response was very reproducible (2.3%) and depended linearly on cobalt concentrations within the range of 0.06-1.05 μg L−1.