In-situ photoelectron microspectroscopy during the operation of a single-chamber SOFC

► Photoelectron microspectroscopy measurements were carried out with an operating SOFC. ► Single-chamber SOFC approach allows photoelectron measurements during operation. ► Photoelectron spectroscopy follows in situ the chemical state of electrode materials. ► Dynamic morphological evolution of electrodes studied with submicrometric resolution. ► In situ anodic activation was followed by space-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy.