Modeling of binary droplet collisions for application to inter-impingement sprays

In this paper, we focused on modeling the collision phenomenon between two liquid droplets for application in spray simulations. It has been known that the existing O'Rourke collision model widely used in CFD codes is inaccurate in determining collision outcomes and droplet behavior. In addition, since the collision probability of the model follows a statistical approach involving computational cell geometry, the prediction results should be strongly dependent on the cell size. As a result, to more accurately calculate droplet collisions, the technique for predicting the droplet velocity and its direction after collision must be extended for use in spray modeling. Further, it is also necessary to consider all the possible collision outcomes, such as bouncing, stretching separation, reflexive separation and coalescence. Therefore, this paper describes the appropriateness of a composite concept for modeling collision outcomes and the implementation of deterministic collision algorithms into a multidimensional CFD code for the calculation of post-collisional droplet movements. Furthermore, the existing model does not consider the formation of satellite droplets. For this reason, our present modeling concept includes a fragmenting droplet collision model. Using the present model, we have validated the collision interactions between liquid droplets under high Weber number conditions by comparing our calculations with experimental results from a binary droplet collision. This paper also deals with the application of the model to inter-impingement sprays by analyzing the atomization characteristics, such as mean droplet size and velocity, spray tip penetrations and spray-shapes of the impinging spray using the suggested collision algorithms and then comparing the results with available experimental data.