A MINLP multi-objective optimization model for operational planning of a case study CCHP system in urban China

Results are described by four scenarios, namely baseline scenario, low energy bill scenario, low CO2 emissions scenario and integrated scenario, showing that a significant reduction is achievable in net present value, primary energy saving and CO2 emissions by the installation of roof-top PV, ground source heat pump, natural gas-based CCHP and storage systems.