Pine oil-biodiesel blends: A double biofuel strategy to completely eliminate the use of diesel in a diesel engine

- The concept of double biofuel is adopted to replace the use of diesel in a diesel engine.
- Less viscous pine oil and high viscous KME were used as two renewable biofuels.
- From the experimental outcome, B50P50 was regarded as optimum blend.
- HC, CO and smoke emission for B50P50 were reduced by 8.1%, 18.9% and 12.5% than diesel.
- The performance and combustion characteristics for B50P50 were in par with diesel.