Dual-mode power regulator for photovoltaic module emulation

► A photovoltaic (PV) module has a dual characteristic as a voltage or a current source. ► We design a dual-mode regulator for PV module emulators. ► We develop a robust control method to perform emulation based on PV module model. ► The proposed PV emulator copes with rapid voltage or current variations. ► We show improved output quality over the entire operating range by real implementation.