Optimization of passive design measures for residential buildings in different Chinese areas

► Orthogonal method and listing method are combined to optimize 7 passive measures. ► A total of 25 cities and 54 simulative cases for each, ensure results reliability. ► Annual thermal load is the criteria used to assess optimal level of each parameter. ► Variation of thermal load for each parameter in different areas is analyzed. ► A total of 7 passive design zones were identified with proper passive measures.