Hydrodynamic behavior of an internally circulating fluidized bed with tubular gas distributors

► The internally circulating fluidized bed with a tubular distributor was studied. ► While varying operating conditions, Gs and γDR follow a similar trend, but γRD is opposite to γDR. ► γRD was smaller than 10%, and may be decreased further. ► Correlations were obtained to predict Gs, γRD and γDR.