Household electricity use, electric vehicle home-charging and distributed photovoltaic power production in the city of Westminster

In this paper we investigate household electricity use, electric vehicle (EV) home-charging and distributed photovoltaic (PV) power production in a case study for the city of Westminster, London. Since it is economically beneficial to maximize PV power self-consumption in the UK context the power consumption/production patterns with/without introducing EV home-charging on the household level is investigated. Additionally, since this might have an effect on the electricity use on an aggregate of households a large-scale introduction of EV charging and PV power production in the entire city of Westminster is also investigated. Household electricity consumption and EV home-charging are modeled with a Markov-chain model. PV power production is estimated from solar irradiation data from Meteonorm for the location of Westminster combined with a model for photovoltaic power production on tilted planes. The available rooftop area is estimated from the UK map geographic information database. EV home-charging increases the household electricity use mainly during evening with a maximum during winter whereas PV produces power during daytime with maximum during summer. On the household level this mismatch introduces variability in power consumption/production, which is shown to be less prominent for the large-scale scenario of the entire city of Westminster.