Transport and handling of forest energy bundles-advantages and problems

Cost savings in transport and chipping indicate an allowed cost for bundling of approximately 4-5 Euro/MWh for short to medium transport distances, to be competitive to the chip alternative. Cost estimates of bundling and covering of stacks with paper indicate that the handling cost is about the same as for chips for short to medium transport distances. However, for longer transport distances and through other advantages such as possibilities for return transports, a dryer and more storable material, cooler systems etc. may increase acceptable bundling-cost substantially.