Towards a document-driven approach for designing reference models: From a conceptual process model to its application

In IS research, reference models have demonstrated to be a beneficial instrument for providing blueprints for a reasonable, good design of information systems and underlying organizational settings. Researchers assume that the application of reference models allows time savings, cost savings, and quality increases. But these effects may only appear when providing a research-based and empirically evaluated reference model that is profoundly documented. However, research criticizes the often missing identification of similarities in related work and preexisting knowledge, which might lead to arbitrariness. Moreover, linking existing knowledge during development and evaluation processes of reference models can bring new and fruitful insights. Therefore, this paper uses a scientific approach consisting of four steps. First, we develop a requirements framework for designing reference models. Second, we use this framework as a basis for the comparison of well-documented reference models. Thereafter, the gained insights from step one and two are consolidated into a conceptual process model that has a strong regard to preexisting knowledge. Finally, a case study will show the applicability of the determined model. With this paper, we enrich research by a valuable guideline for developing methodologically well-designed reference models that support users to take full advantage of the above mentioned benefits.