Bacterial endotoxin, Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and obesity among type two diabetes mellitus patients

This study aims to investigate the relationship among the concentrations of circulating LPS, high Body Mass Index (BMI) values and T2DM; furthermore, to investigate an association among NCSA, BMI values and T2DM in comparison with control individuals. T2DM patients and control subjects, who were selected from outpatient of “The Specialist Center for Diseases of Endocrine and Diabetes” in Baghdad. The subjects were divided into four groups: Group I included 21 obese T2DM patients; Group II included 20 lean T2DM patients; Group III included 20 obese as a control group and Group IV included 21 lean as a control group. The study included 82 study populations, male and female, with ages ranged from 35 to 75 years. The patients were not on any kind of anti-type two diabetic treatments and they were resistant to the insulin therapy. The results revealed that the higher circulating levels of LPS were found in the T2DM patient groups in comparison with the control groups with a highly significant difference (P < 0.01). The mean of the LPS concentrations for T2DM patient groups were 1.076 ± 0.13 (EU/ml), whereas the mean of the LPS concentrations for controls were 0.611 ± 0.06 (EU/ml). The results of the statistical analysis showed the presence of a significant difference (P < 0.05) for the nasal carriage Staphylococcus aureus with total isolates of 38, of them 23 S. aureus (56.10%) were isolated from the groups of patients with T2DM and 15 S. aureus isolates (36.58%) were isolated from the control groups. Collectively, this new finding suggests that high levels of serum LPS and chronic exposure to S. aureus superantigens dysregulates the inflammatory tone and triggers body weight gain and T2DM development.