Performance comparison of enhanced PSO and DE variants for dynamic energy/reserve scheduling in multi-zone electricity market

- The present work proposes a model for the joint dispatch of energy/reserve in deregulated market.
- This problem is more complex than the traditional economic dispatch (ED) due to additional constraints.
- Reserve limits, transmission limits, area power balance and energy-reserve coupling constraints are modeled.
- Time-varying PSO and DE variants give a better balance between exploration/exploitation.
- Results are found to be superior to available results from literature.