TRLH: Fragile and blind dual watermarking for image tamper detection and self-recovery based on lifting wavelet transform and halftoning technique

This paper proposes a fragile and blind dual watermarking method for tamper detection and self-recovery. This method generates two image digests from the host image, based on the lifting wavelet and the halftoning technique. Therefore, for each 2 × 2 non-overlapping blocks, two chances for recovering tampered blocks is provided. Then, the authentication bit is obtained by using the image digests. Totally, eight bits are embedded in two LSBs for each block of image. To enhance the quality of the digest, a new LSBRounding technique is proposed. Additionally, to determine the mapping blocks and shuffling LSBs, the Arnold Cat Map is utilized. To improve the recovery rate, a Shift-aside operation is proposed. For preventing copy-move, vector-quantization attacks, and any manipulation in LSBs, the information embedded in each block depends on the key which is assigned to it. Experimental results show the efficiency of TRLH compared to the state of the art methods.