2D-DOD and 2D-DOA estimation using the electromagnetic vector sensors

A new method is proposed for estimating the two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-departure (DOD) and 2D direction-of-arrival (DOA) in the bistatic MIMO radar using the electromagnetic vector sensors (EVSs). The proposed method constructs two data-subsets with respect to both transmitter and receiver. These subsets are then subjected to the ESPRIT-based method for estimating the EVS components followed by the 2D-DOD and 2D-DOA. This methodology yields closed-form automatically paired azimuth and elevation angles without any additional processing. Further, it resolves the targets with identical DOD/DOA and does not require a priori knowledge of the sensor spacing. In addition, an optimization based formulation is derived for pair matching between the 2D-DOD and 2D-DOA. Simulation results are compared with the Crame´r-Rao bound to signify the effectiveness of the proposed method.