An approximately efficient bi-iterative method for source position and velocity estimation using TDOA and FDOA measurements

This paper develops an efficient bi-iterative source location and velocity estimation method with time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements. Because of the high nonlinearity in the TDOA and FDOA measurement equations, obtaining high source location and velocity estimation accuracy is far from straightforward. The developed bi-iterative method calculates the source location and velocity alternately, which significantly decreases the computational cost. The proof of convergence of the bi-iterative method is provided and the approximate efficiency is theoretically analyzed. Most importantly, the source location and velocity estimation accuracy of the bi-iterative method is closer to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) than that of other existing localization methods. Simulation studies are given to confirm the approximate efficiency and to show the superior performance of the proposed method in comparison with relative methods.