Bicyclists overestimate their own night-time conspicuity and underestimate the benefits of retroreflective markers on the moveable joints

► Cyclists significantly overestimated their own visibility to oncoming drivers at night-time. ► Cyclists were unaware of the advantages of some clothing configurations for improving their conspicuity at night. ► Cyclists overestimated their night-time visibility by a factor of 7 when they wore fluorescent clothing.