Response corridors for the medial-lateral compressive stiffness of the human arm: Implications for side impact protection

► Pendulum tests were performed on 18 PMHS arms at velocities of 2 m/s and 4 m/s. ► Matched tests were performed on the arm of the SID-IIs ATD for comparison. ► Data were normalized to a 50th male and a 5th female using a new method. ► Response corridors were developed for each loading rate. ► PMHS arms exhibited a considerable toe region. ► Stiffness, force, and deflection increased significantly with impact velocity. ► SID-IIs arm response did not fall within the response corridors for the 5th female.