Drivers' comfort boundaries in pedestrian crossings: A study in driver braking characteristics as a function of pedestrian walking speed

Pedestrian speed was found to have a statistically significant influence on brake onset. For pedestrian speeds of 1 m/s, 90% of drivers braked before 2.6 s TTC. For 2 m/s this value was 2.2 s. These values can be used to differentiate between desired and undesired system activation in the design of an “unjustified system response” test in the assessment of pedestrian safety systems.