Applicability of Washburn capillary rise for determining contact angles of powders/porous materials

► Advancing contact angles characterized by using WCR were overestimated. ► Overestimation was related to contact angle hysteresis and liquid penetration rate. ► Penetration of different liquids could affect packing differently. ► Packing with larger powders led to a slower liquid penetration rate. ► A slower penetration rate resulted in a more reasonable advancing contact angle.