Experimental evaluation of particle number emissions from wood combustion in a closed fireplace

► Gaseous and particulate emissions from a commercially available closed fireplace. ► Average total number emission factor of 1.4 × 1015 # kg−1 (7.1 × 1013 # MJ−1). ► Multimodal trend in the particle number size distributions. ► Ignition phase responsible for most of the nanoparticles (geometric mean diameter 27 nm). ► Particles with average geometric mean diameters of 95 nm throughout the whole burning cycle.