Design and characterization of a passive, disposable wireless AC-electroosmotic lab-on-a-film for particle and fluid manipulation

A low voltage, compact, flexible and low cost wireless ACEO lab-on-a-film (LOF) device as a detachable platform for particle and fluid manipulation. The LOF is prototyped rapidly on a flexible substrate using inexpensive materials and benchtop equipment with an overall dimension of 10 × 20 mm2. The device works at low voltage levels and can perform particle enrichment, fluid mixing and pumping at voltages less than 3 V.