Modelling of liquid water appearance in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells using an Energetic Macroscopic Representation

An Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) of PEMFC consider of water liquid-phase in the Cathode was developed. EMR is a graphic formalism that keeps to causality. This model come from a first model already developed in EMR. This work is complementary to an EMR allowing a more general approach for modelling PEMFC. This approach of this model was originally developed in the research of nonlinear dynamics in fuel cell, the switch due to the saturation vapor pressure is a good candidate for this kind of behaviour.