Incidence of die spacing in the evolution of damage in two-pass wire drawing processes

The comparison between tandem and sequential configurations allows the extension of the fracture model used in previous work in order to account for the evolution of damage not only under positive triaxiality values but also and simultaneously for positive triaxiality rates during the entire drawing sequence. This new model reproduces in a good way the differences in the damage evolution between both configurations and also allows to explain the reason why the tandem configuration is more unsafe than the sequential one.