Laser welding of structural steels: Influence of the edge roughness level

Laser welding continues to become more extensively used in many industrial applications and in the last 10 years an increasing number of studies have examined ways to increase the efficiency of the process. This study investigates the influence of joint edge surface roughness on weld quality and penetration depth. The characteristics are investigated of welded samples of two low alloyed steels, S355 and St 3, of 20 mm thickness with various joint edge surface roughness levels in butt joint configuration. Welding was performed with different fiber lasers with a wavelength of 1070 nm at power levels from 10 to 15 kW. The absorption characteristics were evaluated at 10 kW power level using a calorimeter. There was a significant positive correlation between edge surface roughness level and the penetration depth. Optimum roughness levels to provide maximum penetration depth are presented. The highest penetration depth at power levels of 14 and 10 kW was achieved at Ra=6.3 μm.

► Samples of low alloyed steels of 20 mm thickness were welded.
► Welding was performed with fiber lasers with a wavelength of 1070 nm at power levels from 10 to 15 kW.
► The absorption characteristics were evaluated at 10 kW power level using a calorimeter.
► There was a positive correlation between edge surface roughness level and the penetration depth.
► Optimum roughness levels to provide maximum penetration depth are presented.