One-step fabrication of surface-relief diffusers by stress-induced undulations on elastomer

In this study, we demonstrated that microscale surface undulations induced by acid treatment could serve as the surface relief on diffusers coated with a layer of PDMS polymer. Since the orientation of undulations was found to be always disordered, these undulations would scatter light uniformly. The periodicity of the undulations could be adjusted by the control of duration of the dipping of the elastomer into H2SO4/HNO3 solutions and by the volume ratio of H2SO4/HNO3 the solution, resulting in the modulation of diffusing ability of diffusers. The optical properties, transmittance, and light diffusivity, were characterised. This proposed approach offers potential for mass production of surface-relief diffusers. In addition, the proposed method allows the creation of undulations on arbitrary substrates.