Focal shift and focal switch of Bessel–Gaussian beams passing through a lens system with or without aperture

The focal shift and focal switch of Bessel–Gaussian (B–G) beams passing through a lens system with or without aperture is studied in detail. For the unapertured case, the necessary condition for the focal switch and the expression for the amplitude of the focal switch are derived. It is shown that if the truncation parameter δ⩽δcδ⩽δc or beam parameter β⩽βcβ⩽βc (δc, βc are the corresponding critical values), there exits only one axial intensity maximum, and the focusing without focal shift can be achieved for u/f=1u/f=1 (u is the separation between the aperture and lens, f   is the focal length of the lens); if δ>δcδ>δc and β>βcβ>βc, there exist two axial intensity maxima, and the focal switch can take place at the turning point u/f=1u/f=1 for both apertured and unapertured cases. The dependence of the amplitude of focal switch and normalized axial intensity minimum on the truncation parameter, beam parameter and Fresnel number is also studied.