Competitive niche in milk pricing: Analyzing price dynamics of GMO-free, organic, and conventional milk in Germany during 2009-2010

The results indicated that cointegrating relations exist among prices of conventional, organic, and GMO-free milk. Long-term adjustment parameters indicated that deviations from equilibrium are corrected. According to the results, German dairy companies may successfully defend their price differentials due to adjustments existing between the prices of GMO-free and organic milk.