Laser spectroscopy and imaging of gallbladder stones, tissue and bile

Laser spectroscopic study of billary calculi and tissues is described. Fluorescence spectra of human gallbladder stones, bile and tissues were recorded with streak camera in the frequency and time domain. Potential of fluorescence as a diagnostic tool to discriminate between the intended target and the surrounding tissues and bile is evaluated. Initiation of fragmentation process is visualized by high-speed shadowgraphy, interferometry performed during the laser impact and generation of plasma causing growth and collapse of bubbles.