A review of long range piezoelectric motors using frequency leveraged method

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature regarding precision piezoelectric motors over long ranges based on the principle of repeating a series of small periodic step motions, named “frequency leveraged motors” in this paper. A summary of recent research into frequency leveraged motors is presented. Work is classified into three categories by different frequency driving methods, including ultrasonic motors, quasi-static motors (non-resonant motors), and motors combined resonant and quasi-static operations. Pros and cons of each motor type are discussed in term of their principle, structure, and performance. In addition, future perspectives and improvements of the frequency leveraged motor are also provided. It is summarized in such a way can provide a better understanding of the core characteristics of each type of long range piezoelectric motor. Moreover, it also aids in determining successful designs, suitability for applications and further research areas.