Performance study of a ‘constant phase angle based’ impedance sensor to detect milk adulteration

In this paper, a new type of impedance sensor is proposed to detect milk adulteration. The measurement is based on the change in constant value of the phase angle of the impedance sensor due to the change of ionic property of the adulterated milk. The performance of the sensor is tested for three different types of adulterated milk (milk adulterated with tap-water, urea and liquid-whey). It has been observed that the sensor can identify 5% of liquid-whey adulteration, 10% tap-water adulteration, and 0.6 mg of urea per ml of milk. The sensor is also tested to distinguish between synthetic milk and original milk and the result shows that it can differentiate these two when the synthetic milk is reconstructed by adding minimum15% of adulteration.