Multimodal bio-image sensor for real-time proton and fluorescence imaging

A multimodal bio-image sensor has been devised for proton concentration (pH) imaging and filterless fluorescence imaging. A prototype of the devised sensor was fabricated using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) silicon integrated circuit technology. Both pH and fluorescence images were successfully obtained in the same area in real time, without the use of optical filters or gratings. In the devised sensor, a pH sensor that uses charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor technology is combined with a filterless fluorescence detector in the same pixel. One of the applications of this sensor is intra- and extracellular recording.